A Guide to Opal Colours and Patterns: What Makes Each Gem Unique

Opals are renowned for their stunning colour play and intricate patterns—no two are identical. These naturally formed gemstones have captivated collectors and jewellers for centuries, and understanding what gives them their unique look can help you choose the perfect piece.

The Science Behind the Sparkle

Opals are formed from a combination of silica and water. As water seeps into the ground, it picks up silica from sandstone, which then settles into cracks and voids in rocks. Over time, this forms opal. The colours seen in opal are caused by light diffracting through tiny silica spheres within the stone. The size and uniformity of these spheres determine the colours and patterns.

Common Opal Colours

• Red: The rarest and most valuable colour.

• Orange/Yellow: Bright and warm, these are less common than green or blue.

• Green: Popular and vibrant, especially in black opals.

• Blue: More common but no less beautiful.

• Multi-colour: The most sought-after opals flash several colours across their face.

Opal Patterns

Certain patterns can enhance an opal’s value and appeal. Some well-known patterns include:

• Harlequin: Square, patchwork-style flashes—extremely rare.

• Pinfire: Tiny, pinpoint flashes of colour.

• Ribbon or Broad Flash: Long, sweeping streaks of colour.

• Chinese Writing: Resembling calligraphy, this pattern is quirky and distinctive.

What It Means for Jewellery

At Iona Opal Australia, we celebrate the individuality of every opal. When selecting stones for handcrafted jewellery, Iona always considers how a stone’s colour and pattern will shine best in a ring, pendant, or bespoke piece. Each creation is designed to honour the story the opal is already telling.

Embrace the Beauty of Uniqueness

No two opals are the same—and that’s their charm. Whether you’re after a fiery red opal or a soothing blue-green matrix, knowing what colours and patterns to look for can help you find a piece that feels personal and meaningful.

Explore our collection at ionaopal.com.au to find your perfect match.